{"id":313,"date":"2016-10-25T00:00:50","date_gmt":"2016-10-25T03:00:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/epistemologia.com.br\/revista\/?p=313"},"modified":"2023-05-17T18:37:54","modified_gmt":"2023-05-17T21:37:54","slug":"dasein-e-zuhanden-em-martin-heidegger-o-realismo-de-entidades-em-ian-hacking-e-o-convencionalismo-para-impactar-positivamente-o-meio-ambiente","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/epistemologia.com.br\/revista\/313-dasein-e-zuhanden-em-martin-heidegger-o-realismo-de-entidades-em-ian-hacking-e-o-convencionalismo-para-impactar-positivamente-o-meio-ambiente.html","title":{"rendered":"Dasein e Zuhanden em Martin Heidegger, o Realismo  de Entidades em Ian Hacking e o Convencionalismo  para Impactar Positivamente o Meio Ambiente"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"kcite-section\" kcite-section-id=\"313\">\n<blockquote><p>Veja esse artigo tamb\u00e9m em nossa plataforma OJS em <a href=\"https:\/\/epistemologia.com.br\/academico\/index.php\/epistemologia\/article\/view\/10\">https:\/\/epistemologia.com.br\/academico\/index.php\/epistemologia\/article\/view\/10<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>RESUMO<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Este artigo versa a respeito do entendimento heideggeriano de Dasein (ser-a\u00ed)\u00a0e Zuhandenheit (\u201cprontid\u00e3o-\u00e0-m\u00e3o\u201d) somado ao debate realismo versus\u00a0antirrealismo, por\u00e9m voltado para ao realismo de entidades versus realismo\u00a0te\u00f3rico. Como medida sugestiva de altera\u00e7\u00e3o do cen\u00e1rio ambiental\u00a0contempor\u00e2neo que se dirige a um fim inalter\u00e1vel, prop\u00f5e-se o urgente\u00a0esquecimento da simples-presen\u00e7a Vorhanden (estar-a\u00ed) por meio do\u00a0entendimento da manipula\u00e7\u00e3o (Zuhanden), que, em termos pr\u00e1ticos, abarca\u00a0ignorar os impactos ambientais que s\u00e3o gerados de modo negativo, para\u00a0concentra\u00e7\u00e3o das experi\u00eancias, por meio de conven\u00e7\u00e3o, nos impactos\u00a0ambientais \u00a0positivos.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><p align=\"center\">\r\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\"><!--\r\ngoogle_ad_client = \"pub-3652987083456070\";\r\n\/* 250x250, criado 30\/10\/09 *\/\r\ngoogle_ad_slot = \"5836344936\";\r\ngoogle_ad_width = 250;\r\ngoogle_ad_height = 250;\r\n\/\/-->\r\n<\/script>\r\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\"\r\nsrc=\"http:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/show_ads.js\">\r\n<\/script><\/p><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Palavras-chave:<\/strong> Dasein, Vorhanden, Zuhanden, Anwesen, impacto ambiental\u00a0negativo, impacto ambiental positivo, debate realismo cient\u00edfico.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>ABSTRACT<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Dieser Artikel befasst sich etwa Heideggers Verst\u00e4ndnis des Daseins (Da-sein) und zuhanden (Bereitschaft-auf-Hand) hinzuz\u00e4hlen zu dem Realismus gegen\u00fcber Anti-Realismus Debatte, sonder schief auf den Entit\u00e4tsrealismus gegen\u00fcber Theorien-Realismus. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Wie suggestive, um den zeitgen\u00f6ssischen Umwelt Szenarium, das ein Ende unver\u00e4ndert Adressen zu \u00e4ndern, schlagen wir vor, die dringend zu vergessen die simple-Pr\u00e4senz vorhanden durch das Verst\u00e4ndnis der Manipulation (zuhanden), die in der Praxis, Abdeckungen ignorieren die Auswirkungen auf die Umwelt, die in einer negativen Art und Weise erzeugt werden, f\u00fcr die Konzentration von Erfahrungen zum Nutzen, durch Konvention, der positive Wirkung auf die Umwelt.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" lang=\"en-US\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><b>Key words<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">: Dasein; Vorhanden; Zuhanden; Anwesen; negativen Wirkung auf die Umwelt; positive Wirkung auf die Umwelt; wissenschaftstheoretischen Realismus-Debatte<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>INTRODU\u00c7\u00c3O<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">No mundo contempor\u00e2neo a degrada\u00e7\u00e3o do meio, impactos ambientais negativos (conceito este ao qual precisa necessariamente ser diferenciado de <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>impacto ambiental positivo<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">) do homem frente ao meio ambiente \u00e9 cedi\u00e7o e insofismavelmente indiscut\u00edvel. O problema est\u00e1 em diagnosticar qual elemento cessa a hodierna crise ambiental, bem como compreender se ela \u00e9 de cognosc\u00edvel ao cotidiano humano.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Na figura de Hilary Putnam temos um claro exemplo de mudan\u00e7a de entendimento no que se refere \u00e0 compreens\u00e3o de <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>realidade<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. Enquanto o primeiro Putnam tratava da realidade a rigor da <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>infer\u00eancia da melhor explica\u00e7\u00e3o<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, o \u00faltimo defendia um realismo pragm\u00e1tico, natural e direto, posi\u00e7\u00f5es estas que ao modo de ver de Hacking (2012), s\u00e3o antirrealistas, assim como as doutrinas de Bas van Fraassen.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">N\u00e3o \u00e9 de hoje o debate da <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>realidade te\u00f3rica<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> versus <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>realidade de entidades<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. Talvez o maior nome contempor\u00e2neo que versa sobre o tema com forte eloqu\u00eancia e profundidade hist\u00f3rica seja o fil\u00f3sofo canadense Ian Hacking, um realista de entidades e, muitos concluem: um antirrealista te\u00f3rico.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><p align=\"center\">\r\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\"><!--\r\ngoogle_ad_client = \"pub-3652987083456070\";\r\n\/* 250x250, criado 30\/10\/09 *\/\r\ngoogle_ad_slot = \"5836344936\";\r\ngoogle_ad_width = 250;\r\ngoogle_ad_height = 250;\r\n\/\/-->\r\n<\/script>\r\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\"\r\nsrc=\"http:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/show_ads.js\">\r\n<\/script><\/p><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Em Heidegger, de acordo com Pobierzym (2007), temos um &#8220;idealismo&#8221; de ser e um &#8220;realismo&#8221; da entidade, enquanto este emprega as terminologias referentes ao mundo circundante (<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Umwelt<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">), mundo compartilhado (<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Mitwelt<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">) e mundo em si (<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Selbstwelt<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">), considerando o primeiro o foco deste artigo.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Tal idealismo pode ser visto com cautela atrav\u00e9s da \u00f3tica kantiana, por\u00e9m esta voltada para um mundo hol\u00edstico e pr\u00e1tico. Talvez a forma extremada de <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>idealismo de ser<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> ao qual Pobierzym se refere em Heidegger n\u00e3o seja a forma extremada de que todo o ser \u00e9 puramente mental, mas sim que em fun\u00e7\u00e3o da mente a ontologia faz sentido, do contr\u00e1rio, os entes seriam tudo o que h\u00e1.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Enquanto que as vis\u00f5es de mundo podem ser remetidas \u00e0s concep\u00e7\u00f5es popperianas e kuhnianas, as quais versam, grosso modo, sobre o primeiro mundo ser o mundo f\u00edsico (natural), o segundo faz men\u00e7\u00e3o aos sentimentos e contextos que tangenciam a mente, culminando no terceiro mundo ao qual residem as proposi\u00e7\u00f5es e a <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>objetividade<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">; entendemos que a problem\u00e1tica se estende para a tentativa de compreens\u00e3o se se pode ou n\u00e3o impactar algo que est\u00e1 mais para um ser do que para um ente, a saber: o meio ambiente. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Destarte, a particularidade aqui reside em saber onde est\u00e1 alocado o entendimento humano frente \u00e0s quest\u00f5es ambientais a fim de verificar se a vis\u00e3o de mundo natural, por parte das ci\u00eancias humanas, com influ\u00eancia das exatas, est\u00e1 caminhando para o mundo tr\u00eas de Popper (objetivo, n\u00e3o manipul\u00e1vel, mas te\u00f3rico) ou encontram-se no primeiro mundo, o natural. Portanto, o esfor\u00e7o humano deve-se concentrar-se em <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>manipular<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> ou <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>teorizar<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> a crise? <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Produzir<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> ou inv\u00e9s de <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>paralisar<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">? Este artigo versa pela prefer\u00eancia das primeiras alternativas.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>A TECNOLOGIA E O MEIO AMBIENTE <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Segundo o fil\u00f3sofo Bruce V. Foltz em Heidegger tem-se evid\u00eancias \u00f3bvias das men\u00e7\u00f5es feitas \u00e0 tecnologia como integrante fundamental do desenrolar hist\u00f3rico ambiental. Foltz informa que \u201cpara os gregos, tanto <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>techn\u00ea<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> como <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>phusis<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> eram formas de <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>pois\u00eas<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> ou de &lt;&lt;pro-du\u00e7\u00e3o&gt;&gt; (<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Hervorbringen<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">)\u201d, e prossegue:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Tal como <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><i>phusis<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"> \u2013 o &lt;&lt;surgimento de alguma coisa para fora de si pr\u00f3pria&gt;&gt; \u2013 a <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><i>techn\u00ea<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"> envolve um <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b>trazer para a apar\u00eancia<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">. Mas enquanto &lt;&lt;aquilo que vem \u00e0 presen\u00e7a \u00e0 maneira da <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><i>phusis<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"> tem origem numa pro-du\u00e7\u00e3o, por exemplo, o rebentar de um bot\u00e3o na flor, em si pr\u00f3prio (<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><i>em beaut\u00f4<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">)&gt;&gt;, aquilo que \u00e9 &lt;&lt;produzido pelo artes\u00e3o ou pelo artista, por exemplo, o c\u00e1lice de prata, tem origem numa produ\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o em si pr\u00f3prio, mas num outro (<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><i>em all\u00f4<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">), no art\u00edfice ou no artista&gt;&gt;.<\/span><\/span><a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote1sym\" name=\"sdfootnote1anc\"><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Foltz esclarece que a produ\u00e7\u00e3o no sentido tecnol\u00f3gico n\u00e3o se equipara em nada \u00e0 <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>techn\u00ea<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> do artes\u00e3o, uma vez que a tecnologia n\u00e3o revela os entes de modo justo, mas sim atrav\u00e9s do que Heidegger denomina <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Herausfordern<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, ou seja, <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>fazer sair, provocar <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">ou<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i> for\u00e7ar para fora<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Imersos ainda neste contexto, Foltz ressalta que a \u201ctecnologia \u00e9 um modo espec\u00edfico no qual o ser \u00e9 revelado, e se tivermos cuidado de distinguir da &lt;&lt;t\u00e9cnica&gt;&gt; e de &lt;&lt;t\u00e9cnicas&gt;&gt; particulares, como tipos de <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>techn\u00ea<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u201d, ele defende que, neste caso, considera-se um entendimento metaf\u00edsico<\/span><\/span><a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote2sym\" name=\"sdfootnote2anc\"><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, tornando-se \u00f3bvio que \u201cs\u00f3 pode haver uma &lt;&lt;tecnologia apropriada&gt;&gt; na medida em que a tecnologia \u00e9 sempre j\u00e1 apropriada ao seu modo pr\u00f3prio de desenvolvimento\u201d.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">A gravidade do impacto ambiental <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>negativo<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> do homem, por meio da tecnologia, aumenta de modo significativo desde a primeira Revolu\u00e7\u00e3o Industrial, segundo os \u00f3rg\u00e3os ambientais. O IPCC (<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Intergovenmmental Panel on Climate Change<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">) alerta atrav\u00e9s de relat\u00f3rios sobre a eleva\u00e7\u00e3o da temperatura m\u00e9dia da Terra, bem como eleva\u00e7\u00e3o dos n\u00edveis de chuvas, dos mares e oceanos em fun\u00e7\u00e3o do derretimento dos Polos, principalmente o Norte.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">A tecnologia \u00e9 uma espada de dois gumes, logo, se fora atrav\u00e9s dela que o ambiente encontra-se na posi\u00e7\u00e3o que se encontra hoje, isto \u00e9, \u201cacuado\u201d; ser\u00e1 (ou dever-se-\u00e1 ser) atrav\u00e9s dela que este sair\u00e1 desta aloca\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>ZUHANDEN, REALISMO DE ENTIDADES E CONVENCIONALISMO <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00c9 fortemente prov\u00e1vel que um dos entendimentos centrais para caminhar em prol da conscientiza\u00e7\u00e3o da degrada\u00e7\u00e3o ambiental seja uma melhor compreens\u00e3o do emprego das terminologias heideggerianas de <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Zuhanden<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> e <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Vorhanden<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, bem como diferenci\u00e1-los de <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Dasein <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">e <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Anwesen<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. Se n\u00e3o fora na teoria, que a seja na pr\u00e1tica, conforme informaremos.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Foltz em <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Habitar a Terra<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> (1995) esclarece as diferen\u00e7as quando postos de modo adjetivo: <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Zuhandenheit<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> \u2013 meramente \u00e0 m\u00e3o, \u201cprontid\u00e3o-\u00e0-m\u00e3o\u201d \u2013 refere-se \u00e0 \u201cnatureza circundante\u201d, enquanto que <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Vorhandenheit<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> tem a ver com a \u201cnatureza num sentido gen\u00e9rico\u201d.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Os entes \u00e0 m\u00e3o, isto \u00e9, a manuseabilidade dos entes-a\u00ed de (<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Zuhanden<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">) pode ser entendido como entidades te\u00f3ricas hol\u00edsticas e reais. O empirismo aqui \u00e9 evidente, qualquer positivista compreende bem a exist\u00eancia do voc\u00e1bulo <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Zuhanden<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> (aquilo que \u00e9 meramente presente). Contudo, o estar-a\u00ed (<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Vorhanden<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">) \u00e9 mais complexo, mais gen\u00e9rico, portanto, mais informativo. Karl Popper o preferia, uma vez que teorias mais profundas e altamente explicativas est\u00e3o em melhor posi\u00e7\u00e3o do que as que n\u00e3o s\u00e3o, uma vez que s\u00e3o mais pass\u00edveis de cr\u00edticas, bem como test\u00e1veis. Logo, a a\u00e7\u00e3o universal em <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Vorhandenheit <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">clama pelo conjunto das a\u00e7\u00f5es em <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Zuhandenheit<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> \u2013 a infer\u00eancia, neste caso, seria que a manipula\u00e7\u00e3o local, despojada da subjetividade, provoca altera\u00e7\u00f5es globais e universais).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">O problema que acompanha <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Vorhanden<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> (<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>estar<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> seguido da part\u00edcula <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>a\u00ed<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, isto \u00e9, <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>estar<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> simplesmente <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>a\u00ed<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> no mundo) \u00e9 o <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>pre-conceito<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> de que tudo estar\u00e1 <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>l\u00e1<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> amanh\u00e3. Impregnado de teorias, o conceito pr\u00e9vio limita (quando n\u00e3o anula) o progresso cient\u00edfico, bem como a filos\u00f3fico, e por este motivo \u00e9 que Popper posiciona-se demasiadamente desfavor\u00e1vel ao indutivismo, uma vez que o m\u00e9todo hipot\u00e9tico-dedutivo \u00e9 anulado pela indu\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">A grande tese realista de Ian Hacking a respeito da <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>manipula\u00e7\u00e3o de entidades te\u00f3ricas<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, neste caso, pode ser aplicada. \u00c9 certo, portanto, que, se houvesse um entendimento de Hacking sobre os escritos de Heidegger sobre o termo <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Vorhanden<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, a exist\u00eancia dos el\u00e9trons aplicar-se-ia aqui, como ente e n\u00e3o ser (<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Dasein<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">), uma vez que s\u00e3o entidades te\u00f3ricas reais e manipul\u00e1veis.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Se a manipula\u00e7\u00e3o de \u00e1rvores (em <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Zuhandenheit<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">) for poss\u00edvel, bem como de el\u00e9trons (<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Vorhandenheit<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">), \u00e9 poss\u00edvel causar, por manipula\u00e7\u00e3o, impactos ambientais <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>positivos<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> que exacerbem os <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>negativos<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, tanto no quesito te\u00f3rico, quando de entidades, visto que a problem\u00e1tica em torno do entendimento subjetivo antropol\u00f3gico do meio ambiente \u00e9 cr\u00f4nica e, com efeito, p\u00e1rea at\u00e9 mesmo para a psicologia, teologia, metaf\u00edsica (ontologia) e suas respectivas ramifica\u00e7\u00f5es, dentre outras grandes \u00e1reas do conhecimento.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Se o entendimento cient\u00edfico, atrav\u00e9s do m\u00e9todo praticamente consensual entre as grandes elites filos\u00f3ficas de que \u00e9 real somente a aproxima\u00e7\u00e3o da <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>verdade<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> e n\u00e3o o alcance dela em si (haja vista concep\u00e7\u00f5es popperianas, convencionalismos duhemianos, incluindo o realismo de Hacking e o instrumentalismo em Ernest Nagel), \u00e9 certo que <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>zerar <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">o consumo, <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>aniquilar<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> o uso dos combust\u00edveis f\u00f3sseis, <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>travar<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> a ind\u00fastria, <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>pausar <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">a economia, s\u00e3o alternativas descomunais e absurdas. Tais discursos s\u00e3o elucidados h\u00e1 d\u00e9cadas, mas pouco (ou nada) tem surtido efeito e, por conseguinte, revertido em resultados pr\u00e1ticos <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>positivos<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>EMPIRISMO, SUBJETIVIDADE E NATUREZA<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Joel Makower, em Economia Verde (2009, 33-36, grifo nosso), exp\u00f5e os dados:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Pesquisas de 2008 apontam que 64% dos consumidores em todo o mundo dizem estar dispostos a pagar um pre\u00e7o mais alto \u2013 em m\u00e9dia 11% a mais \u2013 por produtos e servi\u00e7os que produzem menores emiss\u00f5es dos gases de efeito estufa, de acordo com um estudo da Accenture. Entretanto, dos 63% que se dizem \u201cmuito preocupados\u201d com os efeitos da mudan\u00e7a clim\u00e1tica ou aquecimento global, dois ter\u00e7os n\u00e3o sabem como a maior parte da eletricidade \u00e9 produzida, de acordo com outro estudo do <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><i>Shelton Group Energy Pulse<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">, e ainda, menos de 4% conseguiram apontar corretamente a produ\u00e7\u00e3o de eletricidade pela queima de carv\u00e3o como a maior respons\u00e1vel pela altera\u00e7\u00e3o clim\u00e1tica. 37% dos consumidores sentem-se \u201caltamente preocupados\u201d com o ambiente, <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b>mas apenas um em cada quatro se acha amplamente consciente de tais problemas<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"> [&#8230;]. <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b>Somente 22%<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b>acham que podem fazer diferen\u00e7a<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"> quando se trata do ambiente.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Considerando tais n\u00fameros, chegaremos \u00e0 fat\u00eddica infer\u00eancia de que 78% das pessoas n\u00e3o acreditam que possam fazer \u201calgo de bom\u201d para o meio ambiente (ou seja, alargando as estacas regionais, podemos, sem grandes riscos, inferir que tal estat\u00edstica pode ser refletida tamb\u00e9m \u00e0 maior parte da popula\u00e7\u00e3o mundial), pois n\u00e3o t\u00eam ideia de como responder (praticamente) \u00e0 quest\u00e3o \u201c<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>o quanto de bom, \u00e9 bom o suficiente?<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u201d.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">O problema aqui incide no fato de que a compreens\u00e3o de \u201calgo de bom\u201d \u00e9 subjetiva. A objetividade do terceiro mundo popperiano inexiste neste contexto, n\u00e3o passando do segundo mundo, a saber: dos sentimentos, pensamentos etc. (visto tamb\u00e9m nas concep\u00e7\u00f5es kuhnianas).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><p align=\"center\">\r\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\"><!--\r\ngoogle_ad_client = \"pub-3652987083456070\";\r\n\/* 250x250, criado 30\/10\/09 *\/\r\ngoogle_ad_slot = \"5836344936\";\r\ngoogle_ad_width = 250;\r\ngoogle_ad_height = 250;\r\n\/\/-->\r\n<\/script>\r\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\"\r\nsrc=\"http:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/show_ads.js\">\r\n<\/script><\/p><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">A diferen\u00e7a pr\u00e1tica \u00e9 o empirismo. O CO<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">2<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> (di\u00f3xido de carbono) n\u00e3o \u00e9 vis\u00edvel, se o fosse \u2013 por exemplo: roxo \u2013 facilmente seria notado em termos cognitivos (especialmente a vis\u00e3o) e hol\u00edsticos, logo faria parte do cotidiano emp\u00edrico humano, causando, com isto, a <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>polui\u00e7\u00e3o visual<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. Sem embargos, o realismo de entidades, na pr\u00e1tica e nestes termos, pouco tem efeito, uma vez que segue a linha te\u00f3rica e n\u00e3o pr\u00e1tica-de-mundo. Portanto, a humanidade pode ser <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>realista te\u00f3rica<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, mas na pr\u00e1tica da vida, <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>antirrealista de entidades<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> \u2013 a percep\u00e7\u00e3o (e preocupa\u00e7\u00e3o) humana n\u00e3o se estende \u00e0s coisas que n\u00e3o s\u00e3o vis\u00edveis.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">A percep\u00e7\u00e3o e a cogni\u00e7\u00e3o humana est\u00e3o inteiramente ligadas ao <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Dasein<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> (ser-a\u00ed) em termos te\u00f3ricos e ao <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>zuhanden<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> em termos pr\u00e1ticos. Tal pensamento est\u00e1 fortemente baseado na tese de Hacking quando este versa sobre a <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>experi\u00eancia<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> antes da <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>teoria<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Fazer<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, com efeito, precisa, necessariamente, preceder a elucubra\u00e7\u00e3o das letras. Exemplo disto \u00e9 o t\u00e3o difundindo 3Rs, a saber: <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>reduzir, reutilizar e reciclar<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> ou os 5Rs hodiernos: <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>repensar, reduzir, recusar, reutilizar<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> e <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>reciclar<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. A sugest\u00e3o aqui empregada \u00e9 que, <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>reciclar <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">ou <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>reutilizar<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> pode at\u00e9 serem \u00fateis, contudo, os demais termos, precisam ser ignorados para o progresso da ci\u00eancia, uma vez que tal pensamento est\u00e1 mais voltado para o <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>idealismo<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> do que <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>realismo<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">N\u00e3o \u00e9 meramente fortuita as posi\u00e7\u00f5es dos Rs, mas seguido do fato pr\u00e1tico do cotidiano humano, pouco efeito \u00e9 percebido, e.g., ao solicitar que um pai de fam\u00edlia deixe seu ve\u00edculo (com ar-condicionado) em casa e siga para o trabalho, deixando no meio do caminho sua filha na escola, atrav\u00e9s de transporte p\u00fablico (o carro \u201cest\u00e1-\u00e0-m\u00e3o\u201d, por exemplo, na garagem, enquanto que o metr\u00f4, n\u00e3o).<\/span><\/span><a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote3sym\" name=\"sdfootnote3anc\"><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">A n\u00e3o-a\u00e7\u00e3o frente \u00e0 polui\u00e7\u00e3o atmosf\u00e9rica, seguida da polui\u00e7\u00e3o de rios, mares e florestas, \u00e9 possivelmente intr\u00ednseca \u00e0 m\u00e1 compreens\u00e3o humana da exist\u00eancia de entidades te\u00f3ricas. Uma alega\u00e7\u00e3o contr\u00e1ria a este argumento poderia se dar atrav\u00e9s de que \u00e9 percept\u00edvel a polui\u00e7\u00e3o dos rios (a exemplo do Rio Tiet\u00ea em S\u00e3o Paulo), contudo a tr\u00e9plica estaria em que: as consequ\u00eancias t\u00f3xicas, patog\u00eanicas e perigosas n\u00e3o o s\u00e3o (em boa parte dos casos qu\u00edmicos), com efeito, a n\u00e3o-a\u00e7\u00e3o frente ao problema persiste, uma vez que est\u00e1 ligado ao <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Zuhanden<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> e n\u00e3o <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Dasein<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Pobierzym tamb\u00e9m trabalha com a argumenta\u00e7\u00e3o de Heidegger, que \u00e9 a de que \u201cpodemos inferir que o mundo n\u00e3o \u00e9 a natureza, nem no sentido da natureza que nos rodeia, nem no sentido do universo, isto \u00e9, o cosmos inteiro como entidades\u201d.<\/span><\/span><a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote4sym\" name=\"sdfootnote4anc\"><sup>4<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Pouco se fala da Polui\u00e7\u00e3o Orbital, a 6\u00aa Confer\u00eancia sobre Lixo Espacial, realizada em Darmstadt, na Alemanha, divulgou uma s\u00e9rie de dados aos quais refletem a urg\u00eancia de <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>despoluir a \u00f3rbita terrestre<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. Logo, \u00e9 n\u00edtido que quanto mais te\u00f3rico, mais distante, portanto, menos pr\u00e1tico (um dos motivos para a cren\u00e7a antirrealista te\u00f3rica de Nancy Cartwright, inclusive de Hacking, a qual persiste na concep\u00e7\u00e3o de as coisas s\u00e3o altamente complexas para serem teorizadas na completude do ente em si). <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Neste sentido, \u00e9 prov\u00e1vel que a confus\u00e3o toda se mova na compreens\u00e3o subjetiva humana de um car\u00e1ter <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>necess\u00e1rio<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> da natureza e n\u00e3o <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>contingente <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">(estar-\u00e0-m\u00e3o \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio e urgente, enquanto que isto sempre ser\u00e1 necess\u00e1rio, isto \u00e9, infind\u00e1vel). Enquanto que o primeiro possui caracter\u00edsticas intr\u00ednsecas de um <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>ser<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> em um <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>ente<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> atemporal e ilimitado, o \u00faltimo \u00e9 sua exata ant\u00edtese. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Foltz (1995) elenca as diferentes formas de ver-mundo em Heidegger frente ao contexto natural. A <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>natureza objetiva<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> est\u00e1 relacionada ao que \u201capenas acontece\u201d, aos \u201cdados\u201d; j\u00e1 a <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>natureza produtiva<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> ao que \u00e9 \u201cmanuse\u00e1vel\u201d e ao que \u201cproduz-se a si mesmo\u201d; enquanto que a <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>natureza primordial<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> est\u00e1 ligada \u00e0s \u201cfor\u00e7as naturais\u201d e aos \u201cgrandes exteriores\u201d.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Com efeito, a consci\u00eancia cognitiva da <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>natureza produtiva<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> pode, em algum momento, ser de fato mitigada em termos da n\u00e3o-causa\u00e7\u00e3o de impacto <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>negativo<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> (e.g., uma picha\u00e7\u00e3o como uma <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>desagrad\u00e1vel<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> polui\u00e7\u00e3o visual) quando corretamente entendida e estrategicamente manuseada. Deste modo, a <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>natureza primordial<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> \u00e9 gravemente afetada (quando descoberta pela <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>produtiva<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">) pela emiss\u00e3o de di\u00f3xido de carbono (causador do descontrole do Efeito Estufa da Terra) e isto se d\u00e1 em virtude do pouco entendimento te\u00f3rico das entidades, somado a um desatendimento e desencantamento do mundo.<\/span><\/span><a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote5sym\" name=\"sdfootnote5anc\"><sup>5<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>DASEIN VERSUS VONHANDEN E O IMPACTO AMBIENTAL POSITIVO<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Estar-a\u00ed (<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Vorhanden<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">), diferente de Ser-a\u00ed (<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Dasein<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">), traz uma preocupa\u00e7\u00e3o apenas situacionista e circunstancialista, enquanto que <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>ser<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> e <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>fazer <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">parte integral do mundo traria um sentido altru\u00edsta frente ao contexto natural (<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>ser<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> algu\u00e9m de valor \u00e9, peremptoriamente diferente de apenas <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>ter<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> valor). O corpo humano \u00e9 uma das poucas m\u00e1quinas que quando parada, atrofia; precisa sempre estar em movimento, logo, a maioria prefere uma palestra din\u00e2mica (onde possa participar \/ <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>fazer<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> algo) do que est\u00e1tica (apenas <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>estar-ali<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Talvez Laudan esteja equivocado ao tratar de que o progresso da ci\u00eancia se d\u00e1 apenas por meio da <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>solu\u00e7\u00e3o de problemas<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, ao qual op\u00f5e-se ao <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>realismo convergente<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, uma vez que, numa \u00f3tica convencionalista em Pierre Duhem, a experi\u00eancia que antecede a teoria e surge novamente ap\u00f3s ela, \u00e9 prefer\u00edvel; logo, <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>produzir <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">problemas teria maior avan\u00e7o (Thomas Kuhn tamb\u00e9m discordaria desta posi\u00e7\u00e3o), tal concep\u00e7\u00e3o volta-se novamente para Popper. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Se por conven\u00e7\u00e3o a abordagem ambiental fosse feita apenas da produ\u00e7\u00e3o de impactos <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>positivos<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, isto \u00e9, se atrav\u00e9s da Sele\u00e7\u00e3o Natural os fortes exacerbassem o <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>positivo<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, o <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>negativo <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">seria automaticamente mitigado (abafado), e n\u00e3o o contr\u00e1rio. Decerto o <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>impacto ambiental negativo<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> segue esta sequ\u00eancia, mas peca no segundo termo, o te\u00f3rico, pelos motivos supracitados. A n\u00e3o compreens\u00e3o te\u00f3rica (futura), desde o s\u00e9culo XVIII, nos trouxe em um campo minado capitalista. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Por meio de argumentos diversos, Popper se diz absolutamente contr\u00e1rio ao convencionalismo, no entanto, diversos fil\u00f3sofos compreendem que n\u00e3o \u00e9 exatamente isto que retrata em seus escritos, bem como alega\u00e7\u00f5es as quais Popper se diz divergente das de Duhem, entretanto, muitos ressaltam o conhecimento pouco profundo de Popper frente \u00e0s concep\u00e7\u00f5es duhemianas. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Portanto, a sequ\u00eancia da filosofia da ci\u00eancia em termos popperianos n\u00e3o tem gerado grandes frutos, a teoria permanece na teoria e o mundo est\u00e1 literalmente derretendo. A experi\u00eancia pr\u00e1tica do realismo de Ian Hacking e do convencionalismo de Duhem podem causar estranheza aos \u201cfil\u00f3sofos de poltrona\u201d, mas talvez seja a \u00fanica maneira de reverter o quadro que a humanidade na contemporaneidade vem se deparando.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">H\u00e1 forte discrep\u00e2ncia entre apenas ser um <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>observador <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">de mundo, e em ser um <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>experimentador<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> dele. De acordo com os pensamentos de Ian Hacking, o <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>experimento<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> supera de longe qualquer tentativa de \u201cpassar\u201d pelo mundo, ou seja, meramente estar-a\u00ed (<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Vorhanden<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">). <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">No velho Heidegger, tem-se a concep\u00e7\u00e3o filos\u00f3fica de <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Anwesen<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> (vig\u00eancia), a qual toma lugar em variados sentidos de <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Dasein<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. Perceber o mundo \u00e9 diferente de atuar, manipular, produzir, ser-no-mundo. Embora o homem n\u00e3o seja um agente <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>necess\u00e1rio<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, mas <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>contingente<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, decerto que, a realidade das entidades tornar-se-\u00e3o de fato participante do cotidiano humano quando o entendimento de <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>deixar-de-fazer <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">for substitu\u00eddo por <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>fazer-algo-para<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Ontologicamente o <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>ser<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> \u00e9 algo em movimento que gira em torno de um mesmo contexto: a vida. Logo, assim como \u00e9 imposs\u00edvel delimitar a posi\u00e7\u00e3o exata do el\u00e9tron nas diversas camadas at\u00f4micas, este continua ali, girando em torno do n\u00facleo at\u00f4mico, por\u00e9m <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>estacionados em seus n\u00edveis de energia<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">O estar-a\u00ed do el\u00e9tron tamb\u00e9m est\u00e1 ligado aos termos <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>potenciais<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> de manipula\u00e7\u00e3o (<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>vorhanden<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">), uma vez que apenas se alteram se recebem luz ou calor, isto \u00e9, sai do estado estacion\u00e1rio, para o manipul\u00e1vel (<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>zuhanden<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">). O ponto fundamental aqui \u00e9 a compreens\u00e3o da manipula\u00e7\u00e3o em termos de <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Dasein<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. A natureza, segundo Pobierzym (2007) se esconde em seus v\u00e1rios aspectos, deste modo o autor a entende como um evidente <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>realismo plural<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, ao qual est\u00e1 exposto a uma compreens\u00e3o social e metaf\u00edsica de mundo. Ele infere que, a \u201cnatureza pode <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i><b>ser<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> nenhum mundo\u201d.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Deste modo, ao crermos que, n\u00f3s enquanto <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Dasein<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, tudo o que fazemos \u00e9 para o <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>n\u00e3o-ser<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, o colapso se torna iminente, visto que o <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>impacto ambiental<\/i><\/span><\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>negativo <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">est\u00e1 sendo feito, n\u00e3o apenas a um n\u00e3o-ser, quanto tamb\u00e9m a um <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>res nullius<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> (coisa de ningu\u00e9m), portanto, qualquer n\u00e3o-a\u00e7\u00e3o \/ a\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 vaga em termos pr\u00e1ticos hodiernos e sem consequ\u00eancia futura.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Por fim, o ser-a\u00ed, numa \u00f3tica vigente (<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Anwesen<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">) est\u00e1-se preocupado em <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>fazer-algo-para<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, enquanto que o <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>estar-a\u00ed<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> n\u00e3o se preocupa em <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>deixar-de-fazer-algo-para<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, certo de que isto o leva \u00e0 monotonia do ser nos entes (est\u00e1tica do ato), instaurando uma realidade fict\u00edcia, ilus\u00f3ria e apenas pragmatista da verdade, culminando ent\u00e3o em um <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>idealismo objetivo<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> potencialmente (e factualmente) inalcan\u00e7\u00e1vel.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Com efeito, de um lado temos <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Dasein <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">e <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Anwesen<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, de outro, <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Vorhanden <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">e <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Zuhanden<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. A tratativa aqui \u00e9 que <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Dasein <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">seja aplic\u00e1vel em <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Zuhanden<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, isto \u00e9, que o <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>ser<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> manipule o que est\u00e1-\u00e0-m\u00e3o (a energia renov\u00e1vel est\u00e1 <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>prontamente \u00e0 m\u00e3o<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">) e que <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Anwesen<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> se responsabilize por manter o <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>ser-no-mundo<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, atuando, experimentando e produzindo, e n\u00e3o, simplesmente observando e teorizando.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Segue-se que, com efeito, a tem\u00e1tica <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>repensar, reduzir e recusar <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">pode levar a humanidade para o abismo da descaracteriza\u00e7\u00e3o do ser \u2013 considerando que a grande maioria prefere uma din\u00e2mica de grupo a um trabalho est\u00e1tico \u2013 restando apenas aos entes o conto da hist\u00f3ria (uma vez que tanto em Heidegger, quanto em Popper e Hacking, eles existem independentes da mente). <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Os grandes selos ambientais est\u00e3o para produ\u00e7\u00e3o, isto \u00e9, for\u00e7am a produ\u00e7\u00e3o e n\u00e3o redu\u00e7\u00e3o. A sugest\u00e3o \u00e9 a de que, aquilo que \u00e9 (a coisa-em-si), permane\u00e7a <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>controlado<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, em termos de impacto <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>negativo<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> (tal como o emprego da <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>reutiliza\u00e7\u00e3o <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">e<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i> reciclagem<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">), no entanto, aquilo que h\u00e1 de ser, exacerbe o <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>negativo<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> de modo <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>positivo<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Exemplo disto s\u00e3o os setores que funcionam dos selos verdes, uma vez que a <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Forest Stewardship Council<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> (FSC) promove o <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>manejo <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">florestal (e n\u00e3o a <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>redu\u00e7\u00e3o<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> do corte) de modo sustent\u00e1vel; a <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Marine Stewardship Council<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> (MSC) preocupa-se com a <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>pesca<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> sustent\u00e1vel (e n\u00e3o a <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>redu\u00e7\u00e3o <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">e <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>rejei\u00e7\u00e3o<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">); a <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Rainforest Alliance Certified<\/i><\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">TM<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> garante a <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>produ\u00e7\u00e3o<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> de qualidade voltada para a responsabilidade ambiental; o certificado Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) compreende a <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>constru\u00e7\u00e3o<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> sustent\u00e1vel, dentre tantos outros exemplos de <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>impacto ambiental<\/i><\/span><\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>positivo<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> aos quais devem ser promovidos prioritariamente.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Produzir<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> \u00e9 uma linguagem capitalista, prefer\u00edvel aos falidos, elitistas e sangrentos sistemas socialistas \/ marxistas e comunistas (cf. concep\u00e7\u00f5es popperianas). O mundo est\u00e1 imerso aos termos: fazer, agir, produzir, manipular, progredir etc. O ser precisa de motivos para a\u00e7\u00e3o, um incentivo fiscal para cada litro de \u00f3leo recolhido e reutilizado \u00e9 \u00fatil para o progresso. O ente \u00e9 manipulado pelo ser, com efeito, o <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>impacto<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, quando incentivado para ser positivo, \u00e9 gerado (n\u00e3o reconfigurando nossa proposta, pois a produ\u00e7\u00e3o de \u00f3leo de outras fontes \u00e9 mais saud\u00e1vel do que a da soja).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Logo, \u00e9 prefer\u00edvel <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>pensar<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> no meio ambiente (em novas tecnologias que despoluam em maior teor e grau); <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>produzir <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">(carros que utilizem <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>apenas<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> combust\u00edveis renov\u00e1veis); <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>aumentar <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">(o uso de energias limpas: solar, e\u00f3lica, energia extra\u00edda das ondas do mar, geot\u00e9rmica etc.); <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>utilizar<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> (meios de produ\u00e7\u00e3o mais limpa); <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>devolver<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> (ao meio ambiente o que \u00e9 dele, n\u00e3o processar novamente o que j\u00e1 fora processado. A devolu\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 feita por processos naturais, isto \u00e9, impacto ambiental <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>positivo<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, tal como o plantio de florestas quando na extra\u00e7\u00e3o de bauxita e na minera\u00e7\u00e3o em geral).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>CONCLUS\u00c3O<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Fazer-algo<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> precede <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>deixar-de-fazer-algo<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. A experi\u00eancia \u00e9 prefer\u00edvel \u00e0 teoria. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Ser-a\u00ed<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> importa mais do que <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>estar-a\u00ed<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, pois <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>faz<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> parte, e n\u00e3o simplesmente faz-se um mero <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>observador<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> do mundo. A tend\u00eancia natural humana \u00e9 <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>ser-em-movimento<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, atuar diretamente, manipular aquilo que est\u00e1-\u00e0-m\u00e3o (<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>zuhanden<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">) e n\u00e3o est\u00e1tico, i.e., um <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>estar-estagnado<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. O progresso cient\u00edfico avan\u00e7a, no mundo real e ideol\u00f3gico, por meio das a\u00e7\u00f5es pr\u00e1ticas e experimentais (tese de Hacking), e n\u00e3o por meio de teorias (tese de Popper).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Os pensamentos de Thomas Kuhn podem at\u00e9 ser considerados em certa medida, j\u00e1 que \u00e9 \u00fatil, ou seja, o entendimento de que as coisas n\u00e3o est\u00e3o funcionando bem, existem anomalias incorrig\u00edveis, logo, o mundo est\u00e1 em crise; portanto, medidas extraordin\u00e1rias precisam ser tomadas. Ao ignorar em larga medida os <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>impactos ambientais<\/i><\/span><\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>negativos<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> e caminhar para a centraliza\u00e7\u00e3o focal (e talvez \u00fanica) dos <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>impactos ambientais<\/i><\/span><\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>positivos<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, culminar-se-\u00e1 uma revolu\u00e7\u00e3o cient\u00edfica, alterando por completo o paradigma \u00faltimo. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Este novo <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>explica mais<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, pois avan\u00e7a em simult\u00e2neo ao conhecimento cient\u00edfico. Deve-se gastar mais tempo em pesquisas de <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>produ\u00e7\u00e3o<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> sustent\u00e1veis e n\u00e3o paliativas em termos qualitativos, mas principalmente quantitativos; tal como: p\u00e1s e\u00f3licas, placas solares e centrais el\u00e9tricas para <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">da energia geot\u00e9rmica, ao inv\u00e9s de se preocupar em que como fazer para poluir<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i> menos<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> nas usinas de carv\u00e3o e plataformas de petr\u00f3leo. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Se os experimentos na primeira usina solar conhecida, de Frank Shuman, n\u00e3o tivessem sido \u201cdevorados\u201d pela op\u00e7\u00e3o mais vi\u00e1vel economicamente \u2013 a saber: usinas petrol\u00edferas \u2013 \u00e9 prov\u00e1vel que at\u00e9 hoje a utiliz\u00e1ssemos e, peremptoriamente, toda a hist\u00f3ria da humanidade frente \u00e0s quest\u00f5es ambientais teriam tomado rumos diferentes.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Tal concep\u00e7\u00e3o possui maior poder explicativo por ser <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>mais ampla <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">e <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>aplic\u00e1vel<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> (o Sol, mesmo em diferentes n\u00edveis de energia, emite ondas de calor em todo o planeta); \u00e9 <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>mais preditiva<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, e precipuamente: <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>mais simples<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. Placas solares, canaletas de <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>capta\u00e7\u00e3o<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> d\u00b4\u00e1gua pluvial para <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">; qualquer ser-no-mundo, mesmo sem instru\u00e7\u00e3o, pode <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>manipul\u00e1-las<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> (<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>zuhanden<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">), enquanto que isto dificilmente ocorre no <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>uso <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">de energia nuclear.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Fazer parte de algo torna o <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>ser<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> \u00fatil, enquanto apenas o estado de <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>estar<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> cria ra\u00edzes f\u00fateis, passivas, est\u00e1ticas e destrutivas. O progresso avan\u00e7a atrav\u00e9s dos efeitos dos impactos <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>positivos<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> e n\u00e3o a conjectura e debate das <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>causas<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> poss\u00edveis dos impactos <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>negativos<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, levando, insofismavelmente, a uma t\u00e9trica <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>regress\u00e3o infinita<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. Infere-se que, o <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>ser<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> precisa ser desaprisionado de si mesmo e n\u00e3o a natureza em si.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>5. REFER\u00caNCIAS<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'HelveticaNeueLT Std Cn', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">ANDLER, Daniel (Org.). <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Introdu\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0s ci\u00eancias cognitivas<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. Ed. UNISINOS, 1988.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'HelveticaNeueLT Std Cn', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">DUHEM, Pierre.<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>A teoria f\u00edsica<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">: seu objeto e sua estrutura. Rio de Janeiro: EdUERJ, 2014.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'HelveticaNeueLT Std Cn', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">FOLTZ, Bruce V. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Habitar a Terra<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">: Heidegger, \u00c9tica Ambiental e a Metaf\u00edsica Da Natureza. Instituto Piaget: Lisboa, 1995.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'HelveticaNeueLT Std Cn', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">HACKING, I. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Representar e intervir<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">: t\u00f3picos introdut\u00f3rios de filosofia da ci\u00eancia natural. Rio de Janeiro: EdUERJ, 2012.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'HelveticaNeueLT Std Cn', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">IPCC. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Intergovenmmental Panel on Climate Change.<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> Washington DC: IPCC; 2007. Dispon\u00edvel em: &lt;<\/span><\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\"><span style=\"color: #00000a;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">http:\/\/www.ipcc.ch<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">&gt;. Acesso em 22 de novembro de 2015.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'HelveticaNeueLT Std Cn', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">G1. 2013. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Lixo espacial na \u00f3rbita da Terra deve ser retirado com urg\u00eancia, diz ag\u00eancia<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. Dispon\u00edvel em: &lt;http:\/\/g1.globo.com\/ciencia-e-saude\/noticia\/2013\/04\/lixo-espacial-na-orbita-da-terra-deve-ser-retirado-com-urgencia-diz-agencia.html&gt;. Acesso em 22 de novembro de 2015.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'HelveticaNeueLT Std Cn', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">KUHN, Thomas. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>A estrutura das revolu\u00e7\u00f5es cient\u00edficas<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. S\u00e3o Paulo: Ed. Perspectiva, 1962.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'HelveticaNeueLT Std Cn', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">LAKATOS, Imre; MUSGRAVE, Alan (Org.). <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>A cr\u00edtica \u00e9 o desenvolvimento do conhecimento<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">: quarto volume das atas do Col\u00f3quio internacional sobre Filosofia da Ci\u00eancia, realizado em Londres em 1965. S\u00e3o Paulo: Cultrix: Ed. da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, 1979. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'HelveticaNeueLT Std Cn', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">MAKOWER, Joel. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>A economia verde<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">: descubra as oportunidades e os desafios de uma nova era dos neg\u00f3cios. S\u00e3o Paulo: Editora Gente, 2009.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'HelveticaNeueLT Std Cn', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">NAGEL, Ernest. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i><b>La Estructura de la Ciencia<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. Barcelona: Paid\u00f3s, 2006.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'HelveticaNeueLT Std Cn', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">POBIERZYM, Ricardo Pablo. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i><b>Realismo plural e independencia de la naturaleza en el Heidegger temprano<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. Cuad. Sur, Filos., Bah\u00eda Blanca , n. 36, 2007. Dispon\u00edvel em: &lt;http:\/\/bibliotecadigital.uns.edu.ar\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1668-74342007001100004&amp;lng=es&amp;nrm=iso&gt;. Acesso em 21 de novembro de 2015.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'HelveticaNeueLT Std Cn', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">POPPER, Karl.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>A l\u00f3gica da investiga\u00e7\u00e3o cient\u00edfica<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. S\u00e3o Paulo: <\/span><\/span><em><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Abril<\/span><\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>\u00a0<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">S.A. Cultural,<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><em><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">1975<\/span><\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>.<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'HelveticaNeueLT Std Cn', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">______. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Textos escolhidos<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. Rio de Janeiro: Contraponto: Ed. PUC-Rio, 2010.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'HelveticaNeueLT Std Cn', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">OLIVEIRA, Marcos Barbosa de. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Neutralidade da ci\u00eancia, desencantamento do mundo e controle da natureza<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Sci. stud., S\u00e3o Paulo, v. 6, n. 1, p. 97-116, Mar. 2008. Available from &lt;http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1678-31662008000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&gt;. access on 26 Sept. 2015. <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1590\/S1678-31662008000100005.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'HelveticaNeueLT Std Cn', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">SANTOS, Daniel R. dos. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Indetermina\u00e7\u00e3o da Tradu\u00e7\u00e3o, Pragmatismo e Holismo Sem\u00e2ntico em Willard Quine<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. 2013. Dispon\u00edvel em: &lt;http:\/\/200.17.141.110\/periodicos\/interdisciplinar\/revistas\/ARQ_INTER_10\/INTER10_Pg_151_162.pdf&gt;. Acesso em 09 ago. 2015.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'HelveticaNeueLT Std Cn', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><p align=\"center\">\r\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\"><!--\r\ngoogle_ad_client = \"pub-3652987083456070\";\r\n\/* 250x250, criado 30\/10\/09 *\/\r\ngoogle_ad_slot = \"5836344936\";\r\ngoogle_ad_width = 250;\r\ngoogle_ad_height = 250;\r\n\/\/-->\r\n<\/script>\r\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\"\r\nsrc=\"http:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/show_ads.js\">\r\n<\/script><\/p><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'HelveticaNeueLT Std Cn', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">SILVA, Marcos Rodrigues da. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Realismo e anti-realismo na ci\u00eancia<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">: aspectos introdut\u00f3rios de uma discuss\u00e3o sobre a natureza das teorias. Ci\u00eanc. educ. (Bauru), Bauru , v. 5, n. 1, p. 07-13, 1998. Dispon\u00edvel em: &lt;http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1516-73131998000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&gt;. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Acesso em: 08 Ago. 2015. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1590\/S1516-73131998000100002.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote1\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote1anc\" name=\"sdfootnote1sym\">1<\/a><sup>\u0002<\/sup> FOLTZ, 1995, p.25, grifo nosso.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote2\">\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote2anc\" name=\"sdfootnote2sym\">2<\/a><sup>\u0002<\/sup> Conjecturas metaf\u00edsicas n\u00e3o s\u00e3o descartadas de maneira un\u00e2nime pela Filosofia da Ci\u00eancia, uma vez que em Popper (tanto em <i>A L\u00f3gica da Pesquisa Cient\u00edfica<\/i>, quanto em seus demais escritos), \u00e9 n\u00edtido o entendimento de que posturas metaf\u00edsicas tornaram \u201cdevaneios\u201d metaf\u00edsicos em hip\u00f3teses e teorias cient\u00edficas.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote3\">\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote3anc\" name=\"sdfootnote3sym\">3<\/a><sup>\u0002<\/sup> Ian Hacking tem profunda raz\u00e3o quando trata a respeito do asco que sente por fil\u00f3sofos de poltrona. Os de poltrona jamais entender\u00e3o o que os de bancada j\u00e1 est\u00e3o efetivamente resolvendo.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote4\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote4anc\" name=\"sdfootnote4sym\">4<\/a><sup>\u0002<\/sup> POBIERZYM, 2007, tradu\u00e7\u00e3o nossa.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote5\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote5anc\" name=\"sdfootnote5sym\">5<\/a><sup>\u0002<\/sup> OLIVEIRA (2008).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<!-- kcite active, but no citations found -->\n<\/div> <!-- kcite-section 313 -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Este artigo versa a respeito do entendimento heideggeriano de Dasein (ser-a\u00ed) e Zuhandenheit (\u201cprontid\u00e3o-\u00e0-m\u00e3o\u201d) somado ao debate realismo versus antirrealismo, por\u00e9m voltado para ao realismo de entidades versus realismo te\u00f3rico. Como medida sugestiva de altera\u00e7\u00e3o do cen\u00e1rio ambiental contempor\u00e2neo que se dirige a um fim inalter\u00e1vel, prop\u00f5e-se o urgente esquecimento da simples-presen\u00e7a Vorhanden (estar-a\u00ed) por meio do entendimento da manipula\u00e7\u00e3o (Zuhanden), que, em termos pr\u00e1ticos, abarca ignorar os impactos ambientais que s\u00e3o gerados de modo negativo, para concentra\u00e7\u00e3o das experi\u00eancias, por meio de conven\u00e7\u00e3o, nos impactos ambientais  positivos.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[8],"tags":[12,9,15,25,13,14,10,11],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p86Mw3-53","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/epistemologia.com.br\/revista\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/313"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/epistemologia.com.br\/revista\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/epistemologia.com.br\/revista\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/epistemologia.com.br\/revista\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/epistemologia.com.br\/revista\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=313"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/epistemologia.com.br\/revista\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/313\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1866,"href":"https:\/\/epistemologia.com.br\/revista\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/313\/revisions\/1866"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/epistemologia.com.br\/revista\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=313"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/epistemologia.com.br\/revista\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=313"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/epistemologia.com.br\/revista\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=313"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}